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I just stole it instead of posting a link so you don't even have to
click! :)<br>
<br>
But you should read the whole thing, since he is more honest than
most.<br>
<p>-dave</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<h1 class="article_title " style="margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding:
0px; font-weight: normal; font-family: Georgia, "Times New
Roman", Times, serif; color: rgb(53, 51, 51); font-size:
1.93em; line-height: 1.14em; font-style: normal; font-variant:
normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start;
text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal;
widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">President Toomas Hendrik
Ilves's opening speech at CyCon in Tallinn on June 1, 2016</h1>
<p class="date" style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; color:
rgb(157, 157, 157); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;
font-size: 14.08px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;
font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21.12px;
orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;
text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1;
word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">01.06.2016</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97,
97); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14.08px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21.12px; orphans: auto;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);">Ladies and Gentlemen,</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97,
97); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14.08px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21.12px; orphans: auto;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);">When we speak of power in military and security terms in
the digital world, we invariably recognize that this world itself
began in the military research realm. Be it Alan Turing during the
Second World War, working on decrypting Enigma or the origins of
the web in DARPA, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency,
we recognize that like with so many technological innovations, the
digital world originated in the defense establishment.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97,
97); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14.08px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21.12px; orphans: auto;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);">Yet it would be a mistake to confuse etiology with
contemporary use; just as knowing that NASA sponsored the
development of Velcro, does not really come to mind when you
fasten your running shoes.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97,
97); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14.08px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21.12px; orphans: auto;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);">For while all of us here know that the digital world is
increasingly a battlefield, where state and non-state actors,
nations, criminals and terrorists, sometimes in collusion, or in
novel public/private partnerships, use the explosive development
of the web for military, espionage and extortion ends, the defense
establishment has become the tail of the dog.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97,
97); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14.08px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21.12px; orphans: auto;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);">Although everything we call "cyber" began with military
research, the military side does not occupy the minds of those
millions of people involved in all things digital except at
conferences like these. Indeed the military as opposed to the
criminal side of "cyber" was not taken seriously at all as late as
nine years ago, when Estonia was subjected to what is considered
the first Clausewitzean continuation of policy by digital means.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97,
97); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14.08px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21.12px; orphans: auto;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);">Indeed, if you go a mile down the road today to our major
annual Startup conference Latitude 59, you will find plenty of
young innovators working on the internet of things, smart health
and so on, whose thoughts are far removed from the military and
defence matters you are discussing.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97,
97); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14.08px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21.12px; orphans: auto;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);">Not that digital means had not been used before that to
achieve political or military ends, but the 2007 massive DDOS
attacks on Estonia are considered the first case of an attack by
one country against another. Back then, though, we were told not
even to think of invoking article 4, let alone 5 of the North
Atlantic Treaty.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97,
97); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14.08px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21.12px; orphans: auto;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);">Nine years later, on the eve of the Warsaw summit, just as
an example of how much attitudes have changed, we anticipate NATO
to name "cyber" as the fifth domain of warfare, after Land, Sea,
Air and Space. That in some way shows how much thinking has
changed in less than a decade.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97,
97); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14.08px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21.12px; orphans: auto;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);">While I cannot but welcome this understanding that digital
means can be just as effective militarily as kinetic means, or
more bluntly, that some lines of code can just as effectively
knock out a power plant as a missile, I nonetheless believe that
we are putting the cart, or in more military terms, the caisson
before the horse.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97,
97); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14.08px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21.12px; orphans: auto;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);">If we look at defense, it is a national prerogative.
Cyber-defense, even more so is national prerogative. For while
NATO allies strive for the interoperability of kinetic weapons
systems, so that a British missile should be mountable under the
wing of a French Mirage jet, for example, cyber-defense has no
such requirements. But, as I have lamented for years on this
stage, when it comes to cyber, we find ourselves rather in
intelligence agency mode, where we share as little a possible and
only when necessary.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97,
97); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14.08px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21.12px; orphans: auto;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);">Not that NATO does not share, but not in ways outsiders
think. NATO's Co-operative Center of Excellence for Cyber Defense,
headquartered here in Tallinn, focuses on research and development
of technology and concepts, and on legal issues. NATO's NCIRC only
works on NATO's own cyber-defense, that is, defending the
organization's own networks. There is no joint NATO cyber
capability, still no NATO cyber operations.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97,
97); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14.08px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21.12px; orphans: auto;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);">NATO's main cyber efforts, however, remain focused on
military defense of the organization itself. While recognizing the
importance of civilian networks and the risks they face, NATO
lacks the legal or policy levers to address these questions
directly.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97,
97); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14.08px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21.12px; orphans: auto;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);">At the supra-national level, the European Union has also
begun to deal with cyber security, supplementing or superseding
member state policies in a number of areas, including those
related to economic, justice, and home affairs. While national
governments guard their sovereignty in the areas of defense and
foreign policy, the EU maintains some limited authority in these
areas. In fact, the EU is developing a considerable role in
shaping the European cyber-security landscape, primarily through
legislation and expenditures related to economic regulation,
individual rights, and internal security.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97,
97); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14.08px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21.12px; orphans: auto;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);">So some progress is being made on threats that are
supranational. But let us think through, what it is that we are
talking about, when we talk about keeping our networks and systems
safe. Which systems?</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97,
97); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14.08px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21.12px; orphans: auto;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);">We worry first and foremost about civilian and commercial
networks. We worry about power grids and traffic control systems,
hospitals; we worry about banks and financial markets, credit
cards, personal data records. All of these have come under attack;
serious or large-scale damage to these in the digital age can have
disastrous consequences for our populations, our economies.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97,
97); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14.08px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21.12px; orphans: auto;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);">In addition we have IoT, machines talking to machines,
chips talking to chips. The worries of the broader public, which
focus on issues such as privacy pale, indeed are miniscule,
compared to the damage that can be wrought with attacks on data
integrity, an issue we all of us need to explain better than we
have. And not only to the public but also to our political
leaders, parliament members and policy makers, whose understanding
of these kinds of threats are, alas, not very sophisticated.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97,
97); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14.08px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21.12px; orphans: auto;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);">But you all know this, of course. What I would like to draw
greater attention to is that almost all the these systems whose
security you worry about are commercial products, both software
and hardware. Companies, banks, municipal SCADA systems, IoT-based
cars and refrigerators, manufacturing processes are all
vulnerable. And the more modern, the more digitized, the less
legacy-based the system, the more vulnerable.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97,
97); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14.08px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21.12px; orphans: auto;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);">In other words, we are concerned about commercial software
and hardware produced by multinational or international companies;
the same Microsoft or SAP or Oracle software and Intel, Alcatel,
HP or Huawei hardware is used the world over.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97,
97); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14.08px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21.12px; orphans: auto;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);">Through the years, I have asked the question of whether the
Westphalian state system can still work in a digital 21st century.
Historically, our security has been implemented and guaranteed by
national-territorial units, also known as states.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97,
97); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14.08px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21.12px; orphans: auto;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);">Today, however, in the digital world, the digital domain,
the most fundamental aspects of our security represent an intimate
and inextricable intertwining of the state and the private sector.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97,
97); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14.08px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21.12px; orphans: auto;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);">The private sector has a different set of concerns. With
commercial products security considerations are driven by the
bottom line. These companies may have headquarters in Palo Alto,
Beijing or Walldorf, but their customers span the globe. So they
may care about security, but they need to care about the security
of their customers across the world.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97,
97); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14.08px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21.12px; orphans: auto;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);">So it would be unsurprising to see situations where
companies and governments pursuing the same aims ultimately,
disagree about how to achieve security. Witness the showdown
between Apple and the FBI over unlocking an encrypted iPhone – two
actors, opposed to one another, but ultimately committed to
security, but with very different visions of how to get there.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97,
97); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14.08px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21.12px; orphans: auto;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);">Usually we end up talking about PPP, public/private
partnerships, government working together with the private sector.
Yet as I mentioned, the private sector is multinational and
international, privacy, integrity and security concerns are
historically strictly national.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97,
97); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14.08px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21.12px; orphans: auto;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);">So far, when we have seen conflicts between IT companies
and territoriality, they have primarily been about taxation,
extraterritoriality of jurisdiction as with U.S. government's
purview over data in servers abroad.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97,
97); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14.08px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21.12px; orphans: auto;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);">It is a truism, ladies and gentlemen, that in the world of
cyber, geography ceases to play a role, all distances are equal.
Unlike conventional warfare, there is, in the case of cyber an
equality of threat regardless of distance. All the more so when we
overwhelmingly use software and hardware sold and used around the
world.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97,
97); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14.08px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21.12px; orphans: auto;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);">With hard- and software used around the world and
territorially based states responsible for security of systems
used in those states, we clearly have a problem with suggestions
for closer co-operation between the government and private sector.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97,
97); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14.08px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21.12px; orphans: auto;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);">Unless of course states get together to work with the
private sector.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97,
97); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14.08px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21.12px; orphans: auto;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);">To agree on minimum standards, issue certificates of origin
for hardware that these days may contain components of dubious
origin despite the good reputation of the final fabricator. Or to
issue warnings when one country discovers a zero day exploit, a
new worm, etc. That is the kind of thinking we should develop.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97,
97); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14.08px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21.12px; orphans: auto;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);">Clearly this is difficult, especially when we consider
authoritarian and undemocratic regimes. NATO as a group of
like-minded and basically value-based nations could serve this
function but so far has not, locked, as I mentioned, in espionage
rather than interoperability mode. Moreover it is also
geographically based, not really useful in in the instantaneous,
borderless digital. Where would that leave Australia, Japan, South
Korea or Chile? Or even local non-members such as Finland, Sweden
and Austria. As the threats that we face know no geography, why
should defense?</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97,
97); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14.08px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21.12px; orphans: auto;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);">So perhaps what we should consider is something like John
McCain's, and before that Madeleine Albright's "Community of
Democracies", ideas floated in the late nineties and first decade
of this century. Not NATO but democracies that are concerned about
digital security. A club of rule of law based democratic countries
that also certify software and hardware, where membership is a
privilege that also carries benefits to those who join.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97,
97); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14.08px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21.12px; orphans: auto;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);">I rush to say this is most decidedly not a grouping like
the conventions proposed in various forms often by undemocratic
authoritarian countries that involve,<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="tsitaat"
style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">inter
alia</span>replacing ICANN with the ITU or with treaties that
would limit freedom of expression, indeed even allow for
censorship on the world wide web.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97,
97); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14.08px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21.12px; orphans: auto;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);">The democratic and rule-of-law nature of a country would be
the primary consideration for membership, something like the
Copenhagen Criteria that needed to be fulfilled for countries even
to begin being considered for EU accession. Except we would leave
out the geographic dimension. All countries, with no geographical
limit, could join the digital security organisation.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97,
97); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14.08px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21.12px; orphans: auto;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);">One such constellation already exists, the Budapest
Convention, originally the Council of Europe convention on
cybercrime, where signatories obligate themselves to extradite
cyber-criminals. We do not need to recall that the primary sources
of cyber crime are countries that have refused to accede to the
convention.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97,
97); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14.08px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21.12px; orphans: auto;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);">Getting this right, of course, will be very difficult and
indeed could be considered utopian. With a quarter century in
foreign policy, negotiating<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span
class="tsitaat" style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(102, 102,
102);">inter alia</span><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Estonia's
EU and NATO accession and any number of other agreements, I know
full well how difficult it would be to bring together nations,
private corporations and get all to agree on something that works,
let alone is robust.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97,
97); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14.08px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21.12px; orphans: auto;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);">Yet something along these lines, I believe, will be
necessary if we are to get genuine public-private co-operation to
guarantee our citizens and nations security in world where
digitization has permeated our lives so completely. And will
continue to do so at an accelerating pace, following Moore's Law.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97,
97); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14.08px;
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21.12px; orphans: auto;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255);">The earlier we start, the less damage we will face.</p>
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